Abaya and Kandura — traditional clothing in the UAE

What are the names of traditional male and female clothing in the UAE, and why are they different in color?

Let’s start with the main point – contrary to a common stereotype, women in the UAE do not wear a "burqa".
The traditional dress for women is called abaya and it is always black.
Men wear the kandura, which is usually white.
A head covering is an essential element in Arab traditional culture.

Black clothing for women doesn’t protect the body from intense sun, and historically it was believed that women should not spend too much time outdoors or in public – they were expected to remain at home, waiting for their husbands and taking care of the family.
Also, during night raids by nomads, women dressed in black could hide more easily, which often saved their lives.

Besides, black is known to have a slimming effect and hides body imperfections better.
Something tells me that this may be the main reason women’s attire is black :)

Men typically wear white kanduras. White symbolizes nobility, purity of intentions, and an impeccable reputation.
During the colder months, kanduras may be beige or sand-colored.
They are worn over an undershirt and lightweight trousers.

Now, let’s go over the terminology:

Women's clothing

Abaya – a loose-fitting dress that women are required to wear in public. Today, even tailored abayas are allowed, and the edges may be embroidered with silver, gold, or pearls.
Niqab – a head covering that includes a thick forehead band and a light veil, leaving only the eyes visible.
Burqa – a mask with slits for the eyes.
Sheila – a scarf that covers only the head, leaving the face completely open.

Men's clothing

Kandura or Dishdasha – a long white robe worn by men. Modern versions include a collar and pockets.
Tarbousha – a decorative string, often seen as a tie-like accessory among city residents.
Ghutra – a headscarf, usually white. In winter, it may be made from thicker fabric with wool. The ends are used to cover the face for protection from sand or cold.
Igal – a thick cord worn on top of the ghutra, traditionally believed to come from the rope Bedouins used to tie camels at night.
Gahfiya – a lace skullcap worn under the ghutra.
Bisht – a cloak or robe sometimes worn over the kandura. It is used on special occasions such as official receptions or weddings. It can be worn by both men and women and is usually made of wool.

Traditional Emirati clothing has remained largely unchanged for centuries, preserving the values and customs of Arab culture.